Daily CURRENT AFFAIRS

Daily Current Affair - UPSC/KAS Exams - 3rd August 2021

What is in news : Telangana High Court passed a judgement citing "To invoke a public detention law against someone, it is not enough that his/her actions pose a threat to law and order but must affect the public order"

About PREVENTIVE DETENTION

• Detention without trial in order to prevent a person from committing a crime
• It is the imprisonment of a person with the aim of preventing him from committing further offences or of maintaining public order.
• Article 22 (3) – If a person is arrested or detained under preventive detention, then the protection against arrest and detention under Article 22 (1) and 22(2) shall not be available.
• A detainee under preventive detention can have no right of personal liberty guaranteed by Article 19 or Article 21.
• To prevent reckless use of Preventive Detention, certain safe guards are provided in the constitution:
• A person may be taken to preventive custody only for 3 months at the first instance.
• The detainee is entitled to know the grounds of his detention.
• The detaining authorities must give the detainee earliest opportunities for making representation against the detention.

What is in news :  100th year of the Madras Legislative Council in Chennai was recently celebrated

About MADRAS LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

• Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was the upper house of the former bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
• It began its existence as Madras Legislative Council, the first provincial legislature for Madras Presidency.
• It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the British colonial government. It was established by the first Indian Council Act of 1861, enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• Its role and strength were later expanded by the second Council Act of 1892.
• Limited election was introduced in 1909.
• The Council became a unicameral legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a bicameral legislature in 1937.
• After India became independent in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of Madras State, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency.
• It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1969.
• The Council was abolished by the M. G. Ramachandran administration on 1 November 1986.

What is in news : 112th Annual Day celebrations of National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) was recently celebrated

About :

• Established at Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) in 1909 as National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD)
• Was transformed to NCDC in 2009
• Functions as the nodal agency in the country for disease surveillance facilitating prevention and control of communicable diseases
• Headquarters – Delhi

Where : Pune

What is in news: According to Titagarh Wagons Ltd, its plant in Italy has rolled out first train for Pune Metro coach, which will be Lightest train in India

Features of the Train:

• In total, 34 trains will be sent from Italy.
• Each train will comprise of three coaches.
• These coaches are scheduled to arrive Pune in September, 2021.
• Order for supply of 102 metro coaches for Pune metro was placed on M/s.
• These metro coaches for Pune metro will be manufactured with Aluminium for first time in India.
• They are lighter, having 15.5T axle load, than lightest coaches at Nagpur-Metro (16T axle load).
• Coaches have double-walled structure.
• Extruded sections of car body have been made of Aluminium that provides required strength. Aluminium has also reduced the weight.
• These ultra-modern metro coaches have highest safety standards with modern Italian styling.
• They result in low carbon emission and having better fuel efficiency.

DEFENCE

ASSAM- MIZORAM

To solve the Assam- Mizoram border dispute and to arrive at a permanent solution, the Centre has asked the North Eastern Space Application Centre (NESAC) to map and demarcate the State boundaries using satellite imaging.

About NESAC:

• Established in 2005, it is a joint initiative of the Department of Space (DoS) and the North Eastern Council (NEC).
• It is located in Shillong.
• It helps in augmenting the developmental process in the region by providing advanced space technology support.

SIKKIM

• India, China establish hotline in north Sikkim:
• The hotline has been established between the Indian Army at Kongra La in north Sikkim and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) at Khamba Dzong in the Tibet Autonomous Region to further the spirit of trust and cordial relations along the border.
• At present, India and China have two military hotlines in eastern Ladakh, among others at Chushul and Daulat Beg Oldi.
• A hotline is a direct phone line set up for a specific purpose, especially for use in emergencies or for communication between heads of government

INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

What is in news : India assumes presidency of UNSC for month of august

About UNSC presidency :

Held by each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the Member States names- Delegation representing a state will be named President

Rotates among the 15 member-states

About UNSC

• One of the organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security.
• Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states.
• Members:
  • fifteen members.
  • Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, and the United States—serve as the body’s five permanent members.
  • These permanent members can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary-General.
• The Security Council also has 10 non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve two-year terms. The body’s presidency rotates monthly among its members.

What : Fine imposed for privacy violations

What is in news :  European Union has imposed a fine of $886.6 million or 746 million euro on Amazon.com Inc. European Union fined Amazon for processing personal data in violation of EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Background :

• Tech giants have increasingly come under scrutiny of regulators in EU after it enacted its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018.
• GDPR provides enough teeth to go after any abuse of users’ data.  GDPR was put forward after three years of negotiations among EU members.
• Now, GDPR have been incorporated as part of their national laws as a result companies can face action across jurisdictions in case, they violate the rules.

About GDPR: GDPR came in to effect in 2018. Basic idea of the regulation is that companies should get explicit consent of users before leveraging any data or information they collect from them. It seeks to achieve its goal by imposing steep fines.